Why is Firefox called Firefox?
A story of bullying, and failing to see if a product name is in use before choosing it.
In 2023, everybody knows the name “Firefox.”
Utter that name, and nearly every computer user will instantly know you are talking about the web browser from Mozilla Corporation… even if Firefox market share has dropped down to less than 3%.
But did you know that Firefox was not originally named “Firefox”?
In fact… the Mozilla Web Browser settled on that name through a series of bad decisions, bullying of another open source project, and a game of word association.
Seriously. You wouldn’t think it… but it’s kind of a wild story.
A few other Lunduke Journal of Technology articles that may interest you:
Before Mozilla had a browser
Our story starts back in 1998…
The source code for Netscape, once the most popular web browser in the world, had just been released as open source under “The Mozilla Project.”
And, over the few years that followed (funded by AOL Time Warner), several web browsers were created which used that core Mozilla code. Web browsers that, for the most part, have long been forgotten.
Web Browsers such as Galeon, K-Meleon, QBAT.i, and SkipStone. Many browsers, for many platforms… all built using the core Mozilla web rendering engine. Yet there was no official “Mozilla” web browser.
By 2002 it was determined that needed to change.
Enter the Phoenix
On September 23rd, 2002, the very first release of the official Mozilla web browser hit the Internet.
Version 0.1 of… “Phoenix”.
Phoenix! A fantastic name! So much symbolism!
A new web browser, rising from the ashes of Netscape (which appeared to be losing the browser war to Microsoft’s Internet Explorer). An inspired choice.
There was just one teensy-weensy little problem: There was already a web browser with that name.
“Phoenix FirstWare Connect” was a web browser, developed by Phoenix Technologies, that ran entirely in their BIOS (without need for an operating system).
That’s right. Mozilla, the people who spent years building web browser rendering engines, had no idea there was already a browser named “Phoenix” when they chose the name. If only there has been some sort of engine they could have used to search the Web.
*cough cough*
Phoenix Technologies didn’t much care for Mozilla using their name. Obviously.
Either Mozilla needed to change their name… or buckle down for a legal fight they were sure to lose. Mozilla may have had the backing of AOL Time Warner… but Phoenix Technologies was big enough (and with a strong enough case) to take them on.
Synonyms to the rescue!
Luckily, someone at Mozilla managed to get ahold of an encyclopedia (or possibly a really good thesaurus) and found another word that was often used in place of “Phoenix.”
On May 17, 2003 the Phoenix browser was renamed… to Firebird.
![[Mozilla Firebird 0.6 screenshot]](https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_x5a!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F199c89e1-173c-48cf-bdf7-d1dc63e270d2_640x480.png "[Mozilla Firebird 0.6 screenshot]")
This was incredibly handy… as Mozilla didn’t even need to change the logo! The big, red, flame-y bird could stay! Huzzah!
And, this time around, the Mozilla team learned to use a Search Engine to see if another product already had the same name! Smart!
… Unfortunately, it turns out there was already another open source project, sponsored by a different company, using the “Firebird” name: The Firebird Database Server.
But Mozilla simply didn’t care.
They decided to make adopt the name of the exiting project anyway. They didn’t even contact the other project first. Because they were Mozilla… a part of AOL Time Warner… and they didn’t feel like they needed to do such things.
Mozilla the bully
Having two open source projects — both running on the same computer platforms — using the same name and very similar imagery… is not ideal. To say the least.
Especially for the smaller project that came first.
Having a new project copy your name, then plaster the Internet with links to their new project, all backed by AOL? It would become almost impossible to find information about the original project!
This was, obviously, a fight worth having. The “Firebird Database Server” folks needed to defend their trademark… almost as a matter of survival.
Unfortunately…
Mozilla was part of AOL Time Warner. A huge, mega corporation with a vast army of lawyers.
The company that sponsored “Firebird Database Server”, was a little company called “IBPhoenix” with a limited budget. And, what’s worse, no army of lawyers.
Mozilla was an 800 pound gorilla, and “IBPhoenix / Firebird Database” simply was too small to be able to afford a fight with the likes of AOL Time Warner.
Obviously, IBPhoenix asked Mozilla to not use their name… but to no avail.
After Mozilla refused to change their name, IBPhoenix did the only thing they could think of… they pleaded with their developers and users to email Mozilla, and ask Mozilla to stop using their name.
Mozilla, again, refused. “We're still going to use the project name Mozilla Firebird,” stated a Mozilla representative in an interview where they attacked the database maker.
The public was beginning to see what a bully Mozilla could be.
Things were not going well for Mozilla at this point. Users were beginning to boycott the Mozilla browser, and the bad press was getting severe with headlines like "Phoenix flies from frying pan to fire" and "Mozilla's Firebird gets wings clipped".
Then Mozilla plays word association
After nearly a full year of Mozilla using the “Firebird” name — knowingly harming the “Firebird Database Server” the entire time — Mozilla finally caved to the public pressure to change the name of their web browser.
On February 9, 2004, the name for the Mozilla web browser officially changed to “Firefox” with the release of the 0.8 version.
![[Mozilla Firefox 0.9 screenshot]](https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gmi5!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f364fbf-70cb-457f-b5f0-18f0810ebbcb_640x480.png "[Mozilla Firefox 0.9 screenshot]")
Why did the name become “Firefox”… because it sounded similar to “Firebird.”
Seriously. “Firefox” is a name for a panda… which had absolutely nothing to do with a “Phoenix” or “Firebird”… but it had “Fire” in it… so it was good enough!
Well, that and Mozilla felt like there couldn’t possibly be any software company, product, or project with that name. The Mozilla leadership was pretty keen on avoiding yet another trademark dispute before their web browser had even reached version 1.0.
They forgot about the United Kingdom
Mozilla even made sure to register “Firefox” as a Trademark in the USA. Phew! They learned their lesson!
Well. Almost.
While the Mozilla leadership felt like the name “Firefox” must be totally unique in the software world… it really, really wasn’t.
In fact, the name “Firefox” had been in use for almost a decade by a software company in the United Kingdom named The Charlton Company.
To make matters worse… the name “Firefox” was specifically being used for “communications and connectivity” software. Which is kinda-sorta-exactly how you would describe a web browser.
WOOPS!
This would be like a company creating a carbonated soft drink named “Coke”… but thinking it was ok to use the name… because… they wanted to.
But, rather than get involved in yet another public fight over the third name they’ve chosen… Mozilla tried to settle things behind the scenes. Eventually, by some time in 2005, Mozilla reached a deal with the “Firefox” trademark holder to use the name.
What the terms of that deal are remains unknown.
Firefox it shall be!
So, there you have it! Mozilla went through three different names for their web browser — all before they even hit version 1.0.
They failed to look around for others using the name twice… and the one time they did actually search for others that might be using the name they wanted… they decided to use it anyway and simply tried to bully the other company into submission.
Yet, after all of that, Firefox managed to become a nearly household name. A brand recognized around the world… even if less than 3% of computer users actually use it.
So many reasons to subscribe to The Lunduke Journal of Technology. Nerdy articles & podcasts every week. Plus…
A dozen eBooks — Monthly PDF Magazine — Premium Videos
Other handy links:
When they tried to enforce their trademark to only be their own binary releases, some distros started giving it yet another name, "IceWeasel"